Task-oriented approaches. Research first. Knowledge before guessing. Experts and specialists doing research since everybody guessing at planning research, choosing the right methodologies, recruiting, choosing the right people, correctly executing the research, correctly interpreting it, etc… is nowhere in that book. He makes it sound like “go ask people some things.” But research is more complicated that, especially if you want to do it well. And why wouldn’t we want to do it well?

Lean says that value is defined by the customer. And we’ve only added value if we get it right the first time. If we are wasting cycles of guesses, that’s not Lean.